Do as directed XI
Do as directed
Jyoti Walunj- Landge
1. Be Able To
Rule:
We use be able to to express ability or capability.
Present: am/is/are able to
Past: was/were able to
Future: will be able to
Structure: Subject + be + able to + V1 (base form of the verb).
1. She can speak English fluently.
Answer: She is able to speak English fluently.
2. He could solve the difficult problem.
Answer: He was able to solve the difficult problem.
3. I can complete this work tomorrow.
Answer: I will be able to complete this work tomorrow.
4. They can win the competition.
Answer: They are able to win the competition.
5. Riya could read when she was four years old.
Answer: Riya was able to read when she was four years old.
2. Rhetorical Questions
Rule:
A rhetorical question is a question asked to make a point rather than to obtain an answer.
In grammar transformation, we often change a statement into a rhetorical question without changing its meaning.
Common patterns:
Everybody / Everyone → Who does not…?
Nobody / No one → Who…?
It is useless to… → What is the use of…?
Everyone loves freedom. → Who does not love freedom?
Examples with Answers
1. Everybody loves their country.
Answer: Who does not love their country?
2. Nobody can deny the importance of education.
Answer: Who can deny the importance of education?
3. Everyone wants to be happy.
Answer: Who does not want to be happy?
4. It is not an easy task.
Answer: Is it an easy task?
5. We should respect our parents.
Answer: Should we not respect our parents?
3. No Sooner … Than
Rule:
Use No sooner … than to show that one action happened immediately after another.
Pattern 1: Past tense
As soon as + Simple Past, Simple Past.
Transformation:
No sooner + did + subject + V1 + than + subject + Simple Past.
Example:
1. As soon as the bell rang, the students entered the classroom.
Answer: No sooner did the bell ring than the students entered the classroom.
Pattern 2: Past Perfect
As soon as + Past Perfect, Simple Past.
Transformation:
No sooner + had + subject + V3 + than + subject + Simple Past.
Example:
2. As soon as the train had arrived, the passengers got down.
Answer: No sooner had the train arrived than the passengers got down.
Examples with Answers
1. As soon as the rain stopped, the children went outside.
Answer: No sooner did the rain stop than the children went outside.
2. As soon as the teacher entered the classroom, the students stood up.
Answer: No sooner did the teacher enter the classroom than the students stood up.
3. As soon as the match ended, the spectators left the stadium.
Answer: No sooner did the match end than the spectators left the stadium.
4. As soon as the guests had arrived, the dinner was served.
Answer: No sooner had the guests arrived than the dinner was served.
5. As soon as the thief saw the police, he ran away.
Answer: No sooner did the thief see the police than he ran away.
Important Points
m.v= do + m.v
m.v- s/es/ies= does + m.v
V2= did + m.v.
4. Using Unless
Rule:
Unless = If … not
Unless expresses a negative condition.
Pattern:
If + subject + do/does/did + not + verb …
Change to:
Unless + subject + appropriate verb …
Important: Generally, do not use not in the unless-clause because unless already expresses a negative condition.
Examples with Answers
1. If you do not work hard, you will not succeed.
Answer: Unless you work hard, you will not succeed.
2. If you do not hurry, you will miss the bus.
Answer: Unless you hurry, you will miss the bus.
3. If you do not study regularly, you will fail the examination.
Answer: Unless you study regularly, you will fail the examination.
4. If it does not rain, we will go for a picnic.
Answer: Unless it rains, we will go for a picnic.
5. If you do not obey the rules, you will be punished.
Answer: Unless you obey the rules, you will be punished.
Important Points
Unless = If … not.
Avoid using not in the unless-clause when it means if … not.
In a future conditional sentence, use the simple present tense after unless, not will.
Incorrect: Unless you will study, you will not pass.
Correct: Unless you study, you will not pass.
5. Not Only … But Also
Rule:
Use not only … but also to connect two words, phrases, or clauses that have equal grammatical importance.
Pattern:
Subject + verb + not only + A + but also + B.
Both A and B should have the same grammatical structure.
Examples with Answers
1. She is intelligent. She is hardworking.
(Combine using 'not only … but also')
Answer: She is not only intelligent but also hardworking.
2. He plays cricket. He plays football.
(Combine using 'not only … but also')
Answer: He plays not only cricket but also football.
3. Riya sings well. Riya dances well.
(Combine using 'not only … but also')
Answer: Riya not only sings well but also dances well.
4. The teacher taught us English. The teacher taught us grammar.
(Combine using 'not only … but also')
Answer: The teacher taught us not only English but also grammar.
5. He is a good teacher. He is a good writer.
(Combine using 'not only … but also')
Answer: He is not only a good teacher but also a good writer.
Important Points
Use not only before the first item and but also before the second.
Maintain parallel structure.
When not only begins a clause, inversion is generally required.
Example:
He not only helped me but also encouraged me.
When not only begins the sentence:
Not only did he help me, but he also encouraged me.
6. Remove 'Which'
Rule:
In grammar exercises, the instruction 'Remove which' usually asks you to rewrite a sentence without the relative pronoun which, while preserving its meaning.
The method depends on the sentence structure. Common transformations include:
Pattern 1: Which + verb → Present participle (-ing)
Example: The boy saw a bird which was flying in the sky.
Answer: The boy saw a bird flying in the sky.
Pattern 2: Which + passive verb → Past participle (V3)
Example: This is a book which was written by Shakespeare.
Answer: This is a book written by Shakespeare.
Pattern 3: Which + be + adjective/prepositional phrase → Remove which + be
Example: The house which is on the hill belongs to my uncle.
Answer: The house on the hill belongs to my uncle.
Examples with Answers
1. I saw a bird which was sitting on the tree.
(Remove 'which')
Answer: I saw a bird sitting on the tree.
2. This is a poem which was written by Wordsworth.
(Remove 'which')
Answer: This is a poem written by Wordsworth.
3. The car which is parked outside belongs to my father.
(Remove 'which')
Answer: The car parked outside belongs to my father.
4. The book which is on the table is mine.
(Remove 'which')
Answer: The book on the table is mine.
5. The students who are studying in the library are preparing for the examination.
(Remove 'who' — similar transformation)
Answer: The students studying in the library are preparing for the examination.
Note: Example 5 demonstrates the same participle-based transformation using who, rather than which.
Quick Revision Chart
can/could → am/is/are able to; was/were able to
She can swim. → She is able to swim.
Rhetorical Question
Change a statement into a question for emphasis
Everyone loves freedom. → Who does not love freedom?
No sooner … than
No sooner + did/had + subject + verb + than
As soon as he came, I left. → No sooner did he come than I left.
Unless
Unless = If … not
If you do not study, you will fail. → Unless you study, you will fail.
Not only … but also
Connect two parallel elements
She is intelligent and hardworking. → She is not only intelligent but also hardworking.
Remove which
Remove the relative pronoun and restructure the clause
A bird which was flying → A bird flying