Direct Indirect Speech Chart-

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Direct Indirect Speech Chart- 

 Chart- I

Type of Sentence

Reporting Verb

Conjunction

Assertive

Said-Said / asked

Said to- told

Say to – tell

Says to- tells

that

Imperative

   Ordered, requested,                               suggested, advised, instructed, warned, promised, apologized

To

(If there is ‘do not in direct speech, it becomes ‘not to’ in indirect speech)

Exclamatory

 

Exclaimed

that

Interrogative

           *Wh-type question

asked

Wh-word

            *Verbal question

 

asked

If/Whether


Chart –II

Pronouns, Adverb & Adverbial phrases of Time and Place

Direct

Indirect

I

He/ She

Me

Him/her

My

His/her

Mine

His/hers

We

                                 They

Us

                                   them

Our

their

Ours

theirs

You (Subject)

I/ He / She / We / They

You ( Object )

Me / His / Her/us / them

Your

My / his / her/ our /their

Yours

Mine / his / hers/theirs

Ago

Before, earlier

Here

there

Now

then

Today

That day

Tonight

That night

Yesterday

The day before

Tomorrow

The day after

Last night

The night before/the previous night

Last week

The previous week

Next week

 The following week

The day before yesterday

Two days before

The day after tomorrow

Two days later

This

that

These

those

Thus

So/ in that way

Hence

thence

Hither

thither

Hereby

thereby

Henceforward

thenceforward

                                                Chart-III        (Tense)

Sr. No.

Tense

Indirect Speech

1

Simple Present Tense

S + m.v. (-s/es/ies ) + O

S + am/is/are +O

S +have/has +O

Simple Past Tense

S + V2 + O

S+ was/ were + O

S + had +O

2

Present Continuous Tense

S + am/ is/ are +m.v.-ing + O

Past Continuous Tense

S + was/were+ m.v-ing + O

3

Present Perfect Tense

S + have/ has +  V3 + O

Past Perfect Tense

S +had + V3 +O

4

Present perfect Continuous Tense

S + have/has +been + m.v-ing +O

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

S + had +been + m.v-ing + O

Past Tense

1

Simple Past Tense

S + was/ were +O  

S + V2 + O

Past Perfect Tense

S +had + V3 + O

2

Past Continuous Tense

S + was / were + m.v.-ing + O

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

S + had + been +m.v.-ing + O

3

Past Perfect Tense

S + had + V3 + O

No Change

4

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

S + had +been + m.v.-ing + O

No Change

             

*   In Future Tense, shall/ will become should/ would

       1

May

Might

       2

Can

Could

       3

Must

Must / had to

 

* The verbs, “would, should, ought to, might, could, had better” do not change.

 Prepared by- Jyoti Walunj-Landge

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